Calosoma (Callisthenes) usgentense Solsky, 1874
C. usgentense, as C. regelianum and C. mirificum, has elongated and convex elytra, with a smooth surface where the striae are indicated by series of points; the suture is more or less depressed; the colour of the upper body is black or dark.
C. usgentense is further distinguished from the other species of the group, in particular from C. regelianum to which it is more superficially similar, because the pronotum has an almost smooth or slightly wrinkled surface and its lateral channel is narrow and separated by a small protuberance from the basal dimples near the rear corners and because the shower of the elytra is smooth, not grainy.
Calosoma (Callisthenes) usgentense usgentense Solsky, 1874
Calosoma (Callisthenes) usgentensis Solsky, 1874: 20 (type locality: Usgent); holotype ♂ in Zoological Museum of Moscow University (Obydov, 2002: 62)
Callisthenes rugiceps Kraatz in Heyden & Kraatz, 1884: 219 (type locality: Osh) type material 1 ♂ previously in Berlin-Dahlem Museum (Jeannel, 1940: 185)
Calosoma (Callisthenes) usgentense Breuning, 1928: 69
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Calosoma (Callisthenes) usgentense var. rugiceps Breuning, 1928: 69
Callisthenes panderi usgentensis Lapouge, 1932: 375
Callisthenes usgentensis Jeannel, 1940: 185
Callisthenes usgentensis karaalmensis Obydov, 1999: 135 (type locality: Kara-Alma); holotype ♂ in Zoological Museum of Moscow University (Obydov, 2002: 62)
Length 21-28 mm. C. usgentense usgentense has an elongated body shape and a relatively large size.
Obydov (1999: 135), has distinguished, at subspecies level, Callisthenes usgentensis karaalmensis, from the north of the Fergana valley, which should be characterized by the head and the disk of pronotum that are more densely punctured, and by the more elongated elytra, with almost parallell sides.
The various populations of C. usgentense usgentense, among which, in our opinion, karaalmense does not deserve to be distinguished because of the inconsistency of the diagnostic characters, are widespread in south-western Kyrgyzstan and in eastern Uzbekistan.
Examined specimens and literature’s data
Kyrgyzstan. Uzgen (= Usgent) (type); Osh (SB); Almakyk env (SB); Ozhalal-Abad (SB); Kara-Alma, Tash-Kumyr (sub karaalmensis Obidov, 2002: 64); Urumbash (sub karaalmensis SB), Suusamyr Tau, Dongus Tau (Breuning, 1928b: 72)
Uzbekistan. Kokand, Toguz Torau (Breuning, 1928b: 72), Andishan (= Andizhan) (Obidov, 2002: 62); Nanai (sub karaalmensis Obidov, 2002: 64), Margilan (EM), Namangan (sub rugiceps Heyden & Kraatz,1885: 227).
Notes: Brachypterous. It lives mostly in foothills, plains and low hills but in Ferghan Ridge it has been found in forested areas, around 1500-2100 m. altitude. Adults were collected from March to June for the populations of the plains and in June and July for those of higher altitudes (Obydov, 2002).
 Solsky, 1874 South Kyrgyzstan, env. Osh, 2.IV.97 |
 Solsky, 1874 South Kyrgyzstan, env. Osh, 2.IV.97 |
 (sub Callisthenes usgentense karaalmense Obydov 1999) Kyrgyzstan Jalai-Abad prov., Suzak distr. Urumbash env. SW Fergana mt Range, 1830m., 26/27.VI.2018, A Shapovalov leg |
Calosoma (Callisthenes) usgentense mandli Bruschi, 2013
Calosoma (Callisthenes) alaiense Mandl, 1967: 48 (nec Lapouge, 1930) (type locality: Tuja Mujun, Kitschik Alaisker-Gebirge); holotype ♂ in Naturhistorischen Museum Basel [examined]
Calosoma (Callisthenes) usgentense mandli Bruschi, 2013: 245 (nomen novum pro alaiense Mandl, 1967)
Length 18-22 mm. Mandl (1967: 48) described Calosoma (Callisthenes) alaiense from Tuja-Mujun, that is in the steppe in the southern part of the Fergana Valley in what can be considered the extreme northern slopes of the Alai range. Mandl compared the new species with C. usgentense from which it differs mostly because of the rounded and short shape and because of less prominent and more rounded rear angles of pronotum.
The examined specimens, coming from the type locality and from some other nearby places in the Fergana Valley along the border with Uzbekistan, constantly present the characteristics given in the original description. In particular, all of them are on average smaller and with shorter and more rounded elytra. The legs are of normal length, but the articles of the posterior tarsi in both sexes are considerably shorter and thicker of what is found in other populations.
These differences justify to consider it as a valid subspecies of C. usgentense. However the name Calosoma (Callisthenes) alaiense should be replaced, as it is preoccupied by Campalita auropunctata alaiensis Lapouge, 1930, and, to replace it, the name mandli has been proposed (Bruschi, 2013: 245) in honor of Karl Mandl (1891-1989), the famous Austrian entomologist that first described the taxon.
Examined specimens
Kyrgyzstan. Tuja-Mujun (Tyuya-Muyun) (type of C. alaiense NMB, SB).
Uzbekistan. S. from Karkidon lake (Kerkidan reservoir) (SB).
Notes: Brachypterous. It lives on the plain formed by the Ferghana valley, at around 750-800m. All the examined specimens were collected in April.
 Bruschi, 2013 UdSSR, Kirgisien, Tuja Mujun, Kitschik Alaisker-Gebirge, 18.IV.1966 (Holotype of Calosoma (Callisthenes) alaiense (coll. Naturhistorischen Museum Basel) |
 Bruschi, 2013 UdSSR, Kirgisien, Tuja Mujun, Kitschik Alaisker-Gebirge, 18.IV.1966 (Allotype of Calosoma (Callisthenes) alaiense (coll. Naturhistorischen Museum Basel) |
 Bruschi, 2013 East Uzbekistan, N. Alai Mts, South of Karkidon lake, 14.04.2002, A. Klimenko leg. |
 Bruschi, 2013 S. Kirghizia, Tuja-Mujun, 18.IV.1965 |